润滑油添加剂有什么作用？
What is the function of lubricant additives?
清净分散剂
Detergent dispersant
清净分散剂包括清净剂和分散剂两类。主要用于内燃机油（汽机油、柴机油、铁路内燃机车用油、二冲程汽机油和船用发动机油）。其主要作用是使发动机内部保持清洁，使生成的不溶性物质呈胶体悬浮状态，不致于进一步形成积碳、漆膜或油泥。具体说来，其作用可分为酸中和、增溶、分散和洗涤等四方面。
Detergents and dispersants include detergents and dispersants. It is mainly used for internal combustion engine oil (gasoline engine oil, diesel engine oil, railway diesel locomotive oil, two-stroke gasoline engine oil and marine engine oil). Its main function is to keep the interior of the engine clean, so that the insoluble substances generated are colloidal suspension state, which will not further form carbon deposition, paint film or oil sludge. Specifically, its function can be divided into acid neutralization, solubilization, dispersion and washing.
抗氧抗腐剂
Antioxidant and anti-corrosion agent
抗氧剂和抗氧抗腐剂可以抑制油品氧化，提高油品氧化安定性，主要用于工业润滑油、内燃机和工艺用油等。
Antioxidants and anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion agents can inhibit oil oxidation and improve oil oxidation stability. They are mainly used in industrial lubricants, internal combustion engines and process oils.
极压抗磨剂
Extreme pressure antiwear agent
在摩擦高温下分解的产物能与金属起反应，生成剪切应力和熔点都比纯金属低的化合物，从而防止接触表面咬合和焊熔，有效地保护金属表面。极压抗磨剂主要用于工业齿轮油、液压油、导轨油、切削油等有极压要求的润滑油中，以提高油品的极压抗磨性能。
The products decomposed at high temperature can react with metal to form compounds with lower shear stress and melting point than pure metal, so as to prevent the contact surface from occluding and welding, and effectively protect the metal surface. Extreme pressure and antiwear agents are mainly used in industrial gear oil, hydraulic oil, guide oil, cutting oil and other lubricating oils with extreme pressure requirements, so as to improve the extreme pressure and antiwear performance of oil products.